to start using a supply of something
凭借; 使用，动用，利用

例句：

We must draw upon their experience. 我们应利用他们的经验。

I was able to draw upon my previous experience. 我能凭借我原先的经验。

To American politic, draw upon the strong religion public opinion, the American church in China had a rather influence on the politic that American to China. 对美国政治方面，凭借强大的宗教舆论，美国在中国的教会是影响美国对华政策的一个不小的因素。

We should keep an open mind, draw upon development practices of other continents, share development resources and promote regional cooperation. 我们要秉持开放精神，积极借鉴其他地区发展经验，共享发展资源，推进区域合作。

With China’s strengths in infrastructure and manufacturing and New Zealand’s advantages in agricultural science and technology, IT and clean energy, the two countries have much to offer to each other and may draw upon each other’s strong points. 中国在基础设施建设和制造业领域，新西兰在农业科技、信息技术、清洁能源等领域，各自有着突出优势，两国可以取长补短、互为所用。

One had to draw upon some knowledge of human psychology. 我们得利用人类心理学的某些知识。

She would have to draw upon all her courage and determination. 她将不得不拿出自己全部的勇气和决心。

I shall draw upon you for assistance when necessary. 假如需要我将请求你的帮助。

They may draw upon historical evidence to defend their point of view. 他们也许利用历史证据来维护他们的观点。

People carrying more weight could have more energy and nutritional stores to draw upon. 可能是肥胖者存储更多的能量和营养物质以供消耗。

to stay active, alert, and focused on something or someone and prepared to deal with problems might happen
忙个不停，忙得不可开交；警惕，警觉；集中注意力，不懈怠，作好行动准备
常用组合be on one’s toes / keep on one’s toes / stay on one’s toes / keep one on one’s toes

例句：

I work with people who are half my age so that keeps me on my toes. 我和只有我年龄一半大的人一起工作，所以一刻也不能松懈。

Having two kids under age five sure keeps me on my toes! 有两个五岁以下的孩子真使我忙得不可开交！

You have to be on your toes if you want to be in this business. 如果你想在这一行干下去，你就得时刻不懈怠。

I have to stay on my toes to keep from getting fired. 我必须保持积极性以防被解雇。

Surprise visits help to keep the staff on their toes. 突击巡察有助于使员工常备不懈。

This attorney is known for using really deceptive and underhanded tactics, so be on your toes. 这位律师以使用真正的欺骗和不诚实的手段而闻名，所以你要特别小心。

Your spelling is wrong. You wrote “practise” but it should be “practice”.
你的拼写有误。你写了”practise” ，但应该是”practice”。
Oh! Thanks for keeping me on my toes.
哦！谢谢你提醒我。

to use something, especially a form of financial support, when other things have failed
借助于；依赖，依靠

例句：

When the business failed, we had to fall back on our savings. 公司倒闭后，我们只得靠积蓄度日。

If I lose my job, I’ll have nothing to fall back on. 我要是丢了工作，就什么指望都没有了。

The company is force to fall back on its cash reserve. 这个公司被迫动用它自己的现金储备。

Doctors sometimes fall back on old cures. 有时医生们求助于老的疗法。

She always has her teaching experience to fall back on. 她总还有教学经验可以依赖。

Don’t fall back on others but do the job yourself. 别依赖别人，你自己干。

Fall back on old friends in time of need. 在需要时求助于老朋友们。

[idiom, mainly disapproving] to appear after having been hidden or not active for a long time
[习语，主要用作贬义]（长期隐藏或沉寂后）公开露面，活跃起来

例句：

After you’ve been in a relationship for a while all sorts of little secrets start to come out of the woodwork. 在你谈了一段恋爱之后，各种各样的小秘密就都冒了出来。

英音 /ˈwʊd.wɜːk/

美音 /ˈwʊd.wɝːk/

1. [ noun, U ] the wooden parts of a building, especially a house
[不可数名词]（尤指房子的）木构件

例句：

There’s some rotting woodwork on the outside of the house that we need to replace. 房子的外部有些腐烂的木构件我们需要更换掉。

2. [ UK, noun, U, informal ] any part of the wooden or metal frame that forms part of a goal in football
[英式英语，不可数名词，非正式用语] （足球中的）门柱，横梁

例句：

Liverpool hit the woodwork twice in the first half. 上半场利物浦队两次击中横梁。

3. [ noun, U, mainly UK, US usually woodworking ] the activity of making objects such as furniture from wood
[不可数名词，主要在英式英语中使用，美式英语常用woodworking]木工活，木工手艺

例句：

woodwork classes/lessons 木工班／课

I used to enjoy woodwork at school. 我过去上学时喜欢上木工课。

英音 /ˈlɒt.ər.i/

美音 /ˈlɑː.t̬ɚ.i/

1. [ noun, C ] a game, often organized by the state or a charity in order to make money, in which tickets with numbers are sold to people who then have a chance of winning a prize if their number is chosen
[可数名词]彩票，抽奖

例句：

He won £3 000 in the lottery. 他中彩得了3000英镑。

She bought a lottery ticket and won more than $33 million. 她买了张彩票，中了3,300多万美元。

When he won the lottery, all sorts of distant relatives came out of the woodwork. 他博彩中奖后，八杆子打不着的亲戚都突然来登门造访。

People stood in a long queue to buy lottery tickets. 人们排起了长龙买彩票。

It is said he’s won the top prize in the lottery. 传闻他中了大奖。

2. [ noun, S, disapproving ] something that depends only on luck and is not fair
[单数名词，贬义词]碰运气的事

例句：

The stockmarket is a lottery. 股市买卖全看运气。

Finding a house in Beijing is a lottery even at the best of times. 即使在情况最好的时候，在北京找房子也是一件毫无把握的事。

英音 /ɒdz/

美音 /ɑːdz/

(noun, plural) the probability (= how likely it is) that a particular thing will or will not happen; in gambling (= the activity of risking money guessing the result of something), a probability expressed as a number
（名词，仅用复数）可能性，机会，几率，概率；（赌）投注赔率

例句：

If you drive a car all your life, the odds are that you’ll have an accident at some point. 如果你一辈子开车的话，你有可能在某一时刻发生车祸。

There are heavy odds against people succeeding in such a bad economic climate. 在如此恶劣的经济环境下人们成功的可能性很小。

What are the odds on him being (= do you think he will be) re-elected? 他再次当选的几率有多大？

The overall odds of winning a lottery prize are 1 in 13. 抽中彩票的几率是十三分之一。

The odds are stacked against a woman succeeding (= it is not likely that a woman will succeed) in the business. 女性在生意场上成功的可能性不大。

The odds against my horse winning (= that it will not win)/on my horse winning (= that it will win) are a hundred to one. 赌我的马输/赢的赔率是100比1。

The odds that the US entrant will win the race are ten to one. 赌美国选手在这次比赛中获胜的赔率是10比1。

英音 /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌm.ɪŋ/

美音 /ˈʃɔːrtˌkʌm.ɪŋ/

(noun, C, usually plural) a fault or a failure to reach a particular standard
（可数名词，常用复数形式shortcomings）缺点，短处，弱点

例句：

1. Whatever his shortcomings as a husband, he was a good father to his children. 不管作为一个丈夫他有何缺点，他却是孩子们的好父亲。

2. Like any political system, it has its shortcomings. 和任何政治体制一样，它也有不足之处。

3. Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners. 婚姻常因为配偶双方的缺点而破裂。

4. She poked fun at people’s shortcomings. 她拿别人的缺点开玩笑。

5. I recognize my own shortcomings. 我承认自己的缺点。

比喻一起经历过困难的朋友，也就是我们常说的“死党”。

英音 /kəmˈpeə(r)/ /ˈfeɪ.v(ə)r.ə.bli/
美音 /kəmˈper/ /ˈfeɪ.vɚ.ə.bli/

If something compares favourably with something else, it is better than it.
比起…来要好，比得过…

The hotel certainly compared favourably with the one we stayed in last year. 这家酒店当然比我们去年住的那家要好。

The city compares favorably with other parts of Brazil. 这个城市比巴西的其它地方好。

You’ll see that our offer compares favorably with the quotations you can get elsewhere.你会发现我们的报价比你在别处拿到的报价要便宜。