英音 /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

美音 /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

[ verb T formal ] to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe
[ 及物动词 正式用语 ]减轻；缓和，缓解

例句：

The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering. 这些药物对减轻她的病痛／痛苦没有丝毫作用。

英音 /dɪˈlɪb.(ə)r.ət/

美音 /dɪˈlɪb.ɚ.ət/

1. (adjective, often of something bad) intentional or planned
（形容词，常指坏事）有意的，故意的，蓄意的

例句：

a deliberate attack/insult/lie
蓄意攻击／侮辱／说谎

We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.
经过慎重考虑，我们决定分开住一段时间。

2. A deliberate movement, action, or thought is done carefully without hurrying.
慢吞吞的；小心谨慎的；沉稳的

例句：

From her slow, deliberate speech I guessed she must be drunk.
她说话慢吞吞的，我猜她肯定喝醉了。

(idiom literary) The broad, far-reaching power or influence of the police or legal system. FIG the police, the law.
（习语，文学书面语）警察或法律制度的广泛而深远的权力或影响（法网恢恢）。比喻警察，法律。

例句：

You can’t escape the long arm of the law (= the police will catch you if you have done something illegal). 法网难逃。

There is no escape from the long arm of the law. 法网恢恢，疏而不漏。

He had been living in England under a false name, for several months when the long arm of the law finally caught up with him. 他隐姓埋名在英国住了数月，可最终还是逃不脱法律的制裁。

1、大麻( marijuana )

关于大麻的俚语最多，甚至产生了所谓的大麻文化。表示大麻的英语单词有：
boo, cheeba, grass, pot, hemp, hashish, J/jay/jay smoke/smoke, Mary Ann, Mary Warner, Mari weed, Indian hay，吸食大麻的人：pothead, pot smoker, grasshopper, reefer。

2、海洛因( heroin )

big H, Big Harry, horse, shit, skag, smack, caca/kaka等，其中skag是指那些质劣价廉的海洛因，而 skag jones 是指吸海洛因的毒瘾。

3、LSD(lysergic acid diethylamide)

LSD中文译名麦角二乙酰胺，属于强烈的半人工致幻剂，相关英语单词有blue cheer, blue flags, acid head等。

4、鸦片（opium）

hop, black stuf

5、吗啡( morphine )

常常称为M

另外，毒品贩子常常被称为pusher, candy man, connection, bagman 等。

能买到毒品的地方称为 smoke shop 或 chiba shop 。

在吸毒后进入恍惚、麻醉状态叫做 spaced out, get high, blow one’s mind, hopped up, coked, jab up, dopy。

吸食毒品后的”心路历程体验”叫做 trip 。

因吸毒而引起的不适之感称为 a bad trip。

品尝过毒品的人则叫做 tripster 。

常见毒品种类（中英文）

乙酰托啡因（Acetorphine）

鸦片（Opium）

可卡因（Cocaine）

酚派丙酮（Ketobemidone）

二氢去氧吗啡（Desomorphine）

海洛因（Heroin）

二氢爱托啡因（Dihydroetorphine）

爱托啡因（Etorphine）

吗啡（Morphine）

极度兴奋；疯了，非常生气；颓废；吓坏了，惊慌失措；行为失控，行为异常

1. (verb, slang) To suddenly express anger or excitement in a very visible way.
突然以非常明显的方式表达愤怒或兴奋。

例句：

We freaked out when we won the lottery. 中了奖券,我们兴奋极了。

Mom will freak out when she finds out we broke her vase! 当妈妈发现我们打碎了她的花瓶时，她会大发雷霆的！

I totally freaked out when I heard we’d won tickets to the concert. 当我听说我们赢得了音乐会的门票时，我完全高兴坏了。

2. (verb, slang) To startle or frighten someone. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between “freak” and “out.”
使某人受惊或害怕。在这种用法中，在“freak”和“out”之间可以使用名词或者代词。

例句：

The sight of that huge needle completely freaked me out. 看到那根巨大的针，我完全吓坏了。

He totally freaked out when he saw the armed robbery. 他看到武装抢劫时完全吓坏了。

3. (verb, slang) To experience jarring and frightening side effects (such as hallucinations) due to drug use. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between “freak” and “out.”
由于吸毒而产生的令人不安和可怕的副作用（如幻觉）。在这种用法中，在“freak”和“out”之间可以使用名词或者代词。

例句：

I swore off drugs because my last trip freaked me out so bad.
我发誓不吸毒，因为我上次吸毒产生的迷幻之旅让我太难受了。（吸食毒品后的”心路历程体验”叫做 trip 。因吸毒而引起的不适之感称为 a bad trip，品尝过毒品的人则叫做 tripster 。A trip is a period of intoxication from a hallucinogenic drug such as lysergic acid (LSD) or magic mushrooms (psilocybin). An unpleasant experience of hallucinogen intoxication is known as a “bad trip.”）

4. (noun, slang) A bad experience while taking some mind-altering drug. In this usage, the phrase is often hyphenated or written as one word.
服用某种改变心智（致幻）的毒品时的糟糕经历。在这种用法中，短语通常用连字符或写成一个单词。

I swore off drugs after my last freak-out. 在我上次发疯后，我发誓不再吸毒。

5. (noun, slang) A wild party. In this usage, the phrase is often hyphenated or written as one word.
狂野派对。在这种用法中，短语通常用连字符或写成一个单词。

Someone in our class always throws a real freak-out at the end of the school year. 我们班上总有人在学年结束时举行狂野派对。

freak someone out

to shock or disorient someone. 使某人震惊或迷失方向。

The whole business freaked me out.

I didn’t mean to freak out everybody with the bad news.

freak out (over someone or something) / freak out (at someone or something）

to become very angry or lose control of one’s mind because of someone or something that has happened. 因为某人或某事而变得非常愤怒或失去理智。

I absolutely freaked out over the whole business!

Don’t freak out at me!

freak out (on something)

to lose control of one’s mind because of something, usually a drug. 因为某物，通常是毒品而失去对自己的大脑/思维/意识/精神的控制（失去理智、疯疯癫癫、精神不正常的意思吧）。

She freaked out on the stuff she was smoking.

She took some funny little pills and freaked out immediately.

英音 /ˈtæn.dəm/

美音 /ˈtæn.dəm/

[ noun C ] a bicycle made for two people who sit one behind the other
[可数名词] 双人自行车

in tandem

1. (idiom)at the same time
（习语）同时

例句：

The heart and lungs will be transplanted in tandem. 将同时移植心脏和双肺。

2. (idiom) If two pieces of equipment, people, etc. are working in tandem, they are working together, especially well or closely.
（习语）协同地，联合地

例句：

I want these two groups to work/operate in tandem on this project. 我希望这两个小组联合做这个项目。

英音 /ˈkɒn.ʃ(ə)ns/

美音 /ˈkɑːn.ʃ(ə)ns/

[ noun C or U ] the part of you that judges how moral your own actions are and makes you feel guilty about bad things that you have done or things you feel responsible for
（可数或者不可数名词）良心，良知

例句：

a guilty conscience 问心有愧

a question/matter of conscience 事关良心

You didn’t do anything wrong – you should have a clear conscience (= not feel guilty). 你没做错什么——你应该觉得问心无愧。

My conscience would really bother me if I wore a fur coat. 要是我穿件裘皮大衣，确实会良心不安。

(UK) He’s got no conscience at all (= does not feel guilty) about leaving me to do the housework. （英式英语）他对于把家务丢给我一点都不觉得内疚。

be/weigh on one’s conscience

（idiom）to make one feel guilty
（习语）使…良心不安，使…觉得内疚，受到良心谴责

例句：

Yesterday I ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street, and it’s been on my conscience ever since. 昨天我没理会在街上向我讨钱的那个老妇人，但随后一直觉得良心不安。

英音 /ˈsɪn.ɪ.sɪ.z(ə)m/

美音 /ˈsɪn.ə.sɪ.z(ə)m/

1. [ noun U disapproving ] the belief that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere
[ 不可数名词，贬义词 ] 认为世人皆自私的观念，愤世嫉俗

例句：

He’s often been accused of cynicism in his attitude towards politics. 人们常常指责他对待政治的态度有些玩世不恭。

I found Ben’s cynicism wearing at times. 我有时觉得本的愤世嫉俗令人厌烦。

2. [ noun U disapproving ] cynicism about something is the belief that it cannot be successful or that the people involved are not honourable
[ 不可数名词，贬义词 ] (对成功或人的真善的）怀疑，冷嘲热讽

例句：

Such behaviour only bred cynicism about the business world. 这种行为只会催生对商业世界的冷嘲热讽。

This talk betrays a certain cynicism about free trade. 这番讲话流露出一种对自由贸易不看好的态度。

3. [ noun U disapproving ] the fact of using someone’s feelings or emotions to your own advantage
[ 不可数名词，贬义词 ] 利用他人感情牟利，损人利己

例句：

It’s the cynicism of the people making all the money off us and then hating us that gets me. 让我愤怒的是那些人操控我们的情感从我们身上赚钱然后又厌恶我们。

Amid all the cynicism and opportunism, the extraordinary resilience of the poor survivors shines through. 在这些损人利己和机会主义的行为中，那些可怜的幸存者身上非凡的韧性闪耀着光芒。

英音 /əˈfɪʃ.i.ənt/

美音 /əˈfɪʃ.i.ənt/

[ noun C ] someone who performs the ceremony at a funeral, wedding, etc
[ 可数名词 ] 司仪牧师，主祭；主婚官，证婚人

例句：

That person can become an official marriage officiant online through some unusual Web sites. 此人可以通过网上一些不同寻常网站成为正式的主婚官。

Show an interest in other people, but don’t discuss anything that you wouldn’t talk about with your grandmother or religious officiant — especially with a coworker you don’t know extremely well. 对别人表示感兴趣，但是不要谈你不会和祖母或宗教主祭谈话题，特别是和一位你了解并不深同事。

英音 /pruːn/

美英 /pruːn/

1. [ verb T ] to cut off branches from a tree, bush, or plant, especially so that it will grow better in the future
[ 及物动词 ]修剪（树枝）

例句：

She spent the afternoon pruning roses. 她用下午的时间修剪了玫瑰。

2. [ verb T ]to reduce something by removing things that are not necessary
[ 及物动词 ]删除，删节

例句：

Arco has reacted to the loss in revenue by pruning (back) its expansion plans. 大西洋里奇菲尔德公司通过缩减扩张计划以应对收益亏损。

I felt his essay needed a little pruning. 我认为他的文章需要稍作删节。

3. [ noun C ] a dried plum
[ 可数名词 ]西梅干，洋李脯