The Secret Life of Geisha 艺伎真实生活记录(5-6)

Only one westerner has ever been allowed to become part of this closed way of life. It is now, more than 20 years since Liza Dalby, a US citizen, lived in Japan as a geisha.

A blue-eyed girl playing the shamisen / samisen, singing songs. It was the first time in geisha history. She got better at walking, sitting on her knees and wearing the kimono. She gradually became the part.

Liza had immaculate qualifications to become a geisha. She spent her teenage years in Japan, learning the language and the shamisen, the traditional geisha instrument. She then went on to make the first ever study of geisha for her doctorate before becoming a geisha herself.

I didn’t really stand out, then I would come, I sit next to someone and often he would start talking and then suddenly he’d kind of look at me, you know, noticed that my eyes were not deep brown and said, wait a minute, you are not Japanese, what’s going on here? And all the geisha would wait for that moment. I mean, sometimes they did this on purpose. They wouldn’t tell the customers that the foreign geisha was here, and then someone would notice, they would just break out, blether that was so funny.

Of course walking is something you have to give up the way that you walk when you’re wearing western clothes, because of the kimono, you know, in cases your legs are rather tightly, so you, you have to take smaller steps. And I would always forget to do this especially, if I was in a rush. And then my feet would start flapping, and one of the older geisha would scold me, you know, not to walk that way. But as if like, it’s like learning a whole new body language.

“When a woman enters the geisha community, when she decides that she’s going to make this for life, she makes a very conscious choice that she’s not going to marry, she’s not going to be a housewife, so the roads really diverge there. Geisha don’t marry, they don’t follow the, the middle-class way. They, you know, they deal them in the world of presenting themselves as works of art.

They are works of art, but they are also rented by the hour to entertain men.

Even though a prostitute’s livelihood is sex and a geisha’s livelihood isn’t exactly sex, the fact is that a prostitute can’t really determine who she is gonna spend the next hour with, and, and neither can a geisha.

Artist by day, companions by night, the image of the geisha has always been clouded by prostitution. From lowly beginnings, geisha slowly rose in stature until in time, they would reach the forefront of Japanese society. Once sweethearts of Samurai, in the Second World War they waved goodbye to their kamikaze heroes. How has a fragile world of the geisha retained its status through 400 years of turbulent history, and what became of those geisha who believed they could escape their traditions and find true love in the west?

To understand the geisha, you have to know their past. Their story begins 4 centuries ago in the days of the Shogun. Geisha first appeared in the early 1600s. After centuries of infighting among rival warrior lords, Japan became a united country under a military dictator or shogun. The government was set up in Edo, site of present day Tokyo. Under Shogun rule, Japan isolated itself entirely from the rest of the world for hundreds of years. The Shogun’s power was absolute.

One of the things this government, which was very impressive, did, was to stamp out, for example, Christianity and another was to take all of the prostitution in that kind of serve and put it into restricted licensed quarters to control it.

The pleasure quarters became places of sexual freedom. Exclusive prostitutes or courtesans would entertain Samurai warriors and merchants at lavish banquets. It was here that the first geisha appeared. Surprisingly, they were men. They assumed the role of court gesture.

These were entertainers who came into the parties that the courtesans had when they were entertaining customers at banquets, playing music, dancing, you know, telling jokes, this kind of thing, and these were originally men.

Devil Trailer

片名:Devil Trailer
译名:电梯里的恶魔
类别:惊悚|恐怖
地区:美国
主演:克里斯·梅西纳 | 吉奥弗瑞·阿伦德 | 罗根·马歇尔-格林
导演: 德鲁·道达尔 约翰·埃里克·道达尔
上映日期:2011年9月17日

[flash url=”http://down02.putclub.com/newupdate/vaonline/Life/putclub.com_DevilTrailer.flv”]

剧情:Agroup of people trapped in a elevator realize that the devil is among them.

故事开始于一个平凡的早晨,克里斯·梅西纳、吉奥弗瑞·阿伦德、博基姆·伍德拜因、卡洛琳·达芙娜、伯亚娜·诺瓦科维奇扮演的五人搭乘同一座电梯上楼,不料,半途电梯出故障,将他们困在中间。先是其中一人遭受袭击,其后猜疑、争斗相伴而生…究竟是谁挑起了争端?这五人中究竟谁是伪装成人类的恶魔?我们一起期待!

Hey lady, you gotta sign in.

Do I look like such a threat?

Don’t blame me. We got procedures.

You hold it?

Oh sorry.

Thanks for your help.

Don’t mention it.

Oh, this is not good.

Why is the Elevator 6 in the inspection mode?

Oh, come on, man.

What’s happening?

Nothing, just relax.

What was that?

You are all right?

You are bleeding.

Oh, my God.

It feels like something bit me.

Is anybody having anything sharp on them that might have cut her?

No.

Do you mind we search your pockets?

Yes, I do mind, do you mind if we search yours?

What was that?

Something is jamming it. It’s stuck.

Don’t come near me, any of you.

Back away from each other, now!

Oh, my God!

Turn on the light!

Who are you?

The Big Bang(1-2)

宇宙大爆炸是由宇宙中红移现象而推论得出的,宇宙在加速膨胀是有事实依据的,因此得出宇宙是由大爆炸中产生的结论,这些数据会激发人们无数的遐想,不可否认,人类已经开始了探索宇宙的新的旅程,这个过程肯定是刺激的。或许有一天人们发现红移现象是由另外原因产生的,那么大爆炸说就瞬间瓦解了。

[flash url=”http://down02.putclub.com/newupdate/vaonline/Discovery/eMule/earthmade/putclub.com_BigBang1.flv”]

Billions and billions of galaxies, the universe is so vast. We can’t even imagine what those numbers mean. But 14 billion years ago, none of these existed until the Big Bang.

-The Big Bang is the origin of space and the origin of time itself.

We take a journey through space and time, from the beginning to the end of the universe itself.

This is our world – cities, forests, oceans, people. Everything in the universe is made from matter created in the first seconds of the Big Bang. Every star, every planet, every atom, every glade of grass, every drop of water.

-Water is ancient. The hydrogen atoms in here were born moments after the Big Bang, then came everything else.

The Big Bang is the defining event of our universe and everything in it. The secrets of our past, our present and our future are locked inside this one moment in time. To unlock the secrets of the Big Bang, we have to travel outside of our own solar system, and journey beyond even our own galaxy. As we travel into deep space, we are actually seeing into the past and getting closer to being able to witness the dawn of time itself, passing the first infant galaxies and the first stars.

[flash url=”http://down02.putclub.com/newupdate/vaonline/Discovery/eMule/earthmade/putclub.com_BigBang2.flv”]

We arrive back at the moments the universe began, and face the biggest questions in all of science.

-This is the Holy Grail of Physics. We want to know why it banged. We want to know what banged. We want to know what was there before the bang.

To get the answers, we’ve built machines the size of cities to simulate conditions when the universe was created, and space telescopes to peer deep into our past.

-We’re getting close to answering the age old questions – why are we here, where did we come from, does the universe, in fact, has a beginning or an end, and the soul, what are they like. If we find the answer to that, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason. We would know the mind of God.

The origin of the Big Bang is the greatest mystery of all time. And the more we learn, the deeper the mystery becomes.

-We like to think that our universe is unique. However, now we are not so sure. Perhaps, there is a multi-verse of universes. Another possibility is that our Big Bang is just one of many Big Bangs. But it may be one of just an infinite number/ of universes and there may be other regions and that infinite number of universes where Big Bang is just happening today.

But there is only one universe we are sure of, and understanding this one is hard enough. Since the late 1920s, everything we know about how our universe works has been turned upside down.

-It’s important to realize how much our picture of the universe is changing in the last century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the conventional wisdom in science was that the universe was static and eternal.

In 1929, that all changed. At the Mount Wilson Observatory above L.A., astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered galaxies aren’t stuck…

Life as We Know It

片名:Life as We Know It
译名:我们所知道的生活 、剩男剩女欢喜冤家
类别:喜剧
地区:美国
主演:凯瑟琳·海格尔 | 乔什·杜哈明 | 克里斯蒂娜·亨德里克斯
导演: 格里格·伯兰蒂 Greg Berlanti
上映日期:2011年10月8日

[flash url=”http://down02.putclub.com/newupdate/vaonline/Life/putclub.com_LifeTrailer.flv”]

剧情:Two single adults become caregivers to an orphaned girl when their mutual best friends die in an accident.

霍莉(凯瑟琳·希格尔)是一个事业蒸蒸日上的宴会承包商,埃里克(乔什·杜哈明)则是一个很有前途的体育电视导演,一次灾难性的约会后,他们俩仅有的共同点钦是都不喜欢对方、都喜欢他们的教女索。一场横祸让索菲成为孤儿,作为教父教母,霍莉和埃里克不得不承担起抚养索菲的责任。他们暂时放下彼此的成见,重新安排自己的事业和生活,而生活在同一个屋檐下久了,两人对彼此的印象也也慢慢改变了。

Am I late?
Just an hour, but, you know.

All right.
Hey, you, eleven? Why don’t we, eh, why don’t we make it 10:30?

Ah, Sam, promise I’ll never have to see him again.
Guys, come on, I wanna get a picture of Sophie with the Godparents.
Cheese.
Yes, this is she.
Did Ellison and Peter speak to you about who would take care of Sophie in the unlikely event that they should both die?
No.
Well, they named you.
I’m sorry!
They picked us together?
Believe me, I tried to advice them against it, but there are options…
We have Peter’s father.
I think she looks just like you.
Oh, Sophie (OK ,OK), no no no no.
Go to Sue.
Still breathing.

Are we supposed to live in this house together?
We are part of the plan.
Some sis says, Am, Mister, you can forget the condom.
Are you OK?
When I say no and I still end up with the kid.
We need to figure out a schedule. That’s my night off.
You need to be happy to get rid of your old life, because your old life sucked.
My life was great. Every time …
To do what? Beg more?

They loved Sophie more than anything in the entire world, and out of everyone at last they picked us.

She’s making the poop face.
What do you mean she’s making the poop face.
Oh, God, she’s gonna poop on the tub. Hurry up, hurry up, she’s gonna poop on me.
OK
Oh, no no no no.
Come on now, that’s my hat.

Is that wine treatment?
Mmm.

I think you guys make a really cute couple.
She said the same thing about Tyler Swift and that twilight kid.

Hurry, she’s gonna walk.
Stall her.
How do I stall her?
Try to stall her. I’m coming.
Oh, I’m sorry.
What did you do?
You told me to stall her so I just gave her a little shove.
I finally figured out why Peter and Ellison picked us, and it’s not because we knew them best. Because you and me together, Sophie, somehow, we are a family.

That’s like slum bug ruin on it.
Get it off the clothes.
I gotta go.
No, spare my eyes.
Hey.
Hey, great surprise.
What?
Sweetie, you have poop on your face.

Sanaa 也门首都:萨纳

Day breaks in Sanaa, Yemen as the call to prayer rouses the inhabitants of this ancient city as it has for hundreds of years. This capital city, nestled at an elevation of over 7,000 feet in the Yemeni highland, is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world.

In the Medieval areas, towering mud-brick houses with white plaster highlights are oddly reminiscent of the spectacular gingerbread city. While in the Labyrinth souks, Yemenis haggle for spice, jewelry and other goods just as they have for centuries.

A walk through these narrow passageways quickly reveals one striking piece of merchandise, an accessory the Yemeni gentleman can’t be without–the Jambiya. These ornate burly knives are worn prominently, tucked into thick embroidered belts. And while they may seem fearsome to western sensibilities, the Jambiya is almost never used as a weapon, instead it serves as a sign of Yemeni manhood.

In the cramped quarters of the souk, blacksmiths intendedly work metal into the unmistakable hook-shaped blades. Rows of gleaming daggers are proudly displayed in market stalls. Their prices range from a few dollars to a staggering one million dollars for a Jambiya with impeccable craftsmanship and illustrious history, but the prestige of these items can come at a high price other than money.

The worth of these daggers is often defined by the handle, traditionally made from rhinoceros horn, price for the unique patina it exhibits. Jambiyas have often been cited as a major underlying cause for rhino poaching. Despite bans by the Yemeni government and international community on the trade of horns, they continue to be used by some knife makers. Conservationists and government officials have tried to stamp out the use by encouraging alternative materials, like water buffalo horn or camel hoofs, but in this country where change creeps slowly and tradition remains strong, a rhino horn Jambiya may be a steady symbol for some time to come.

New Words and Phrases

day break 黎明
rouse 唤醒, 鼓舞, 激起
inhabitants 居民
nestle 依偎, (舒适地)安顿
elevation 提拔, 海拔, 提高
Yemeni 也门的,也门人
highland 高地, 山地
inhabit 居住于, 占据, 栖息
Medieval 中世纪的
plaster 石膏, 灰泥, 膏药
reminiscent 回忆的, 怀旧的, 耽于回想的;回忆者, 回忆录作者
spectacular 壮观的, 令人惊叹的
gingerbread 姜饼, 华而不实的装饰

Natural pools in Belize 伯利兹蓝洞

Why is this diver burrowing into the bottom of this mini lake.She is literally disappearing into the sand and gravel of the water’s floor.Only debris and the occasional bubbles from her breathing tank are visible. She is part of a project, largely funded by National Geographic, to dive into the sacred pools of the ancient Maya.

“Our exploration team discovered this upwelling, it’s an underwater spring upwelling, and it provides this magical experience because it’s located at the bottom of a very large crater, and you can come down, down, down, down into this large crater, and in the bottom is this boiling mass of sediment that’s actually being rolled and boiled, it’s almost like a natural lava lamp, went in over the lip of the crater, descended down into the bottom, and I didn’t want to have any interference with the water that was already in the pool, and so it required a little bit of digging,and frankly it was extremely low visibility down there but below the actual base of sediment, there’s about one and a half meters more space. The water coming out of the bottom of this spring,coming into the pool,is chemically quite distinct from the water in the pool.”

But this is just the beginning. The dives also revealed clues to past life here, and the first for the country of Belize. Scientists discovered several fossil beds around 60-90 feet below the surface, including femur bones the size of a bowling ball. They also found tusks and \ bones. These are the first recorded fossils ever found in Belize.

“And we left those in place. We have only removed a few small fossils so we can actually determine, are they fossilized, or bone, and they are definitely fossilized, so we know they have to be of a certain age. but were they here , were these megafuta present during occupation by humans about 20,000 years ago , 15,000 years ago, or are they much older?”

The dives were made in several pools in central Belize earlier this year in an area known as Cara Blanca, The researchers found evidence that the eight pools of the 25 they studied are likely connected through underground passages.Principal Investigator Lisa Lucero says the major goal is to look for archaeological remains underwater.

“Because the Maya considered openings in the earth caves, water bodies , as porters to the underworld of \. And because the thousands of caves that have been found have offerings, ancient Maya offerings , we just knew there be offerings at the bottom of the pool, so we came with the goal of trying to dive to look for these offerings.”

Though they didn’t find offerings on the first dives, they did find surrounding sherds in a pool near remains of Maya buildings, constructed around 1,100 to 1,300 years ago.Lucero says there is no indication this area had many residences, but rather was likely a pilgrimage site, with Maya traveling here from hundreds of miles away,because at least one of the pools was found to be around 200 feet deep, and littered with trees and silt, more sophisticated diving equipment is needed for future dives. And Lucero believes there are more significant Maya offerings at these depths.

The research is being conducted under the auspices of the Belize Institute of Archaeology, and the scientists plan to return for more exploration.

New Words and Phrases

diver 跳水者,潜水员
burrow 挖掘(洞穴), 钻进
literally 逐字地,按照字面上地,不夸张地
gravel 碎石
debris 碎片,残骸

Island paradise

Ever since man first began setting out for new lands by small boats heading over unknown horizons, he’s been searching for among other things, paradise. And paradise in the Tuamotus, a small archipelago in the Pacific about 200 miles northeast of Tahiti, means coconuts, digging clams, spear fishing and camping on the beach with the surf lulling to sleep.

But paradise today is not without its concerns. The biggest worry here is global warming. The 78 atolls that make up the two Tuamotus are just thin coral reefs, at their highest they are 10 feet above sea level.

As the average temperature of the oceans climb, estimates are that many of these living, breathing, still growing reefs and the lagoons they protect will very likely disappear in the next 50 to 100 years as the seas rise.

Frank Murphy is a University of California of Berkeley-trained marine biologist.

“It struck me the other day when my children arrived at Tahiti and saw that for the first time, that actually in their life time, this could disappear, and it’s pretty amazing.”

Fishing is a primary source of both food and cash. Doriat will take a dozen big My-Mys from his plywood boat which will sail on the island of Fakarava. Gathering and drying the white meat of coconut known as copra is the chain’s biggest business. A 100-pound sack sells for 38 dollars. A hard working family will produce 100 sacks a month.

In the past 20 years, a new economy has boomed in Tuamotus – black pearls. Pamala and Valda are 22 and have their own pearl growing business on a tiny spit of sand in the middle of a lagoon at Tuwao. They have thousands of oysters drowned just below the surface. Valda takes daily care of the boxes of the oysters, making sure they are close tightly to protect them from their natural predators. Pamala works 8 hours a day, seeding as many as 400 oysters a day. Once planted below the surface, each oyster will nurture a pearl for a year and a half.

Outsiders come looking for paradise and leave with many questions.

Is it ideal here?

Certainly.

Is it paradise?

As close as you can come, a tropical dream comes true.

Yet it is clear these tiny spits of land at the midst of a giant sea of blue paradise are at some risk. These westerners are happy to have seen a glimpse of paradise since it may soon change forever.

New Words and Phrases

horizon
the line or circle that forms the apparent boundary between earth and sky.

Tuamotus

archipelago
a large group or chain of islands,a large group or chain of islands

Tahiti
the principal island of the Society Islands, in the S Pacific

spear-fishing
to fish underwater using a spearlike implement used manually or propelled mechanically

lull
to put to sleep or rest by soothing means,to give or lead to feel a false sense of safety; cause to be less alert, aware, or watchful.

Smart power grids 智能电网

The United States has started the largest infrastructure project in human history, a complete top-to-bottom overhaul of our entire electrical supply grid, which is getting new intelligent devices at every step from the power company’s generators to the devices in our homes and making sure every component is secure from attack, while also elegant control of water, gas and sewage systems. And this total make-over must happen while the whole system is operating online at peak capacity, while it’s growing in fact. In short, we’ve begun building a smarter power grid, one that works pretty much like the internet. You could call it, the InterGrid.

Our aging power grid system is starting to fail. We’ve seen more blackouts and brownouts, and it runs inefficiently, wasting carbon into the air. New clean sources like wind and solar which make power only part of the time need intelligent pathways to get the consumers, and the Americans prefer the power they use to have been produced by Americans. Right now, our fragile, less-than-smart power grid, interconnect nearly 10,000 utility plants, that’s well over a million mega watts of generating capacity. About half it comes from burning coal. At least one third of the United States carbon output, maybe more, comes from power generation. Almost one fifth of our power steams onto the grid from the boiling water, heated by the nation’s 104 nuclear reactors. Nearly six percent of the electricity used in the US comes from flowing or falling water, hydroelectric power generated at river dams.

But the same six percent of all the electric power that’s produced gets lost before it gets where it’s supposed to go. It either melts away as heat as it travels long more than a quarter million miles of metallic wire, or it simply shorts to grid, undetected somewhere within the constant maintenance headache of the decaying patchwork of cable towers and poles.

Reclaiming just that six percent would be the equivalent of taking 55 million cars off the world in terms of the petroleum saved and green house gases prevented. For the past quarter century, the peak demand for power has been outpacing investment in new transmission line and power regulation systems that can only react when something goes wrong. They are not good at spotting problems before they happen. The old grid flies perilously close to the breaking point, every hot day in sunlight cities.

According the Department of Energy, US businesses use over a hundred billion dollars a year to blackouts and brownouts. The power that does arrive has to be used as soon as it gets there. But up till now, there hasn’t been a good way for consumers to tell the power company how much power they might want to purchase. To keep our electric grid from grinding to a halt, the new InterGrid will work on a principle known as prices to devices.

If you knew the electric rates were going to spike very high this afternoon, you might decide to leave your home air conditioner off while you are out of the house. Well, suppose your air conditioner, in fact your entire home, knew it before you. What if those device, your thermostats, washers, driers, refrigerators, Jacuzzis could make decisions about how much energy to purchase according to your preset preference and tell the utility company what you are willing to pay. And that’s truly speaking truth to power.

To see exactly how the InterGrid will listen to your demands and how it will keep us healthy and secure, please play Part Two of the electric InterGrid.

In Part I of the Electric InterGrid , we saw how consumers and utility companies could both save money and liberate much less carbon into the Atmosphere, if our power network became intelligent and self-aware.

But for this idea to work, every team that makes electricity and most things that use it, must interact with one another. Like the Internet, devices on the InterGrid must be plugged in play, so that any device can hear or speak to any other. And like the Internet, the InterGrid will grow a little with each clever new gadget.

Now, the downside of the power grid that works just like a web, is that it takes close to hacker attacks, launched by pranksters, but also from organized and well-funded terrorists. Soon, every smart meter in every home and business will be something akin to computer virus protection.

The InterGrid must also defend against assaults from Planet Earth itself. Let’s say one day, maybe 10 years from now, a monster hurricane comes ashore, knocking off power. The intelligent InterGrid instantly begins matching energy sources to critical needs, places like hospitals and fire stations must be back online first.

But this InterGrid isn’t depending only on utility power from power plants far away. After all, lines may be down over a large area. It’s also intelligently hunting a whole local energy sources. The solar panels are on your neighbor’s roof, lock logging a hybrid car in your drive lane. Refuels in your daughter’s school – every little bit helps.

Smartly switching power to vital local services like a phone system or a police station is called Ilingding. And it can keep whole communities afloat in times of trouble.

To keep powers flowing, operators must know what the grid is doing, at every level from local streets to international transition lines, to keep small failures from cascading out of control. This is a prototype for a systme to do just that. It’s called VERDY – Visual Energy resources Dynamically on Earth. It overlays different kinds of realtime information on googleearth, bringing weather data, showing which specific power lines are out, and who owns what wires, and how much of the population is affected. It can even pull up web cans of trafic, and evacuation routes.

Believing where everything is completely normal, utility managers still want to know as much as they possibly can, because, frankly, they prefer to produce only as much power as customers are willing to pay for.

Electricity moves essentially at the speed of light. If it is not used, as soon as it’s generated, it goes to waste. But the alternative of black-out is obviously quite inevitable. So, the current grid, depends on what the utility companies call “Peaker Plants.” Nobody likes them. Peakers cost money to build and maintain. They run on fuel that isn’t bought at the best market prices. So “Peak Power” becomes expensive power. Yet “Peaker Plants” sit idle most of the time.

This new intelligent InterGrid could eliminate most “Peakers” by anticipating consumers’ demands through interactive price signals. As engineers say, “If you can measure it, you can manage it.” But ultimately the InterGrid will be judged on how well it does 4 things:

Keeping money in consumer’s pockets;
Making communities safer, more secure and icreasingly self-reliant;
Supporting stable power utilities running on sustainable domestic resources;
Protecting and improving earth environment.

So, what will it cost to do all this? Estimate for the total investment needed here in the United States at about 1.5 trillion dollars over 20 years beginning 2010. What amazingly, that’s just about the amount of money needed anyway, just to keep the lights on, whether we make the grid smarter, cleaner and safer, or just simply keep it working alone.

Sexy Dance 3-D

片名:舞出我人生3D 又名 舞力全开3D |Sexy Dance 3-D
类别:剧情|喜剧|音乐
地区:美国
主演:瑞奇·马兰博瑞 | 沙妮·文森 | 亚当·G·瑟瓦尼
导演: 朱浩伟 Jon Chu
上映日期:2011年8月6日

[flash url=”http://down02.putclub.com/newupdate/vaonline/Life/putclub.com_SexyDance.flv”]

剧情:

电影依旧讲述发生于纽约地下街舞圈的故事。一群年轻人,包括卢克(Rick Malambri)、娜塔莉(Sharni Vinson)以及纽约大学的新生莫斯(Adam G. Sevani)组成团队,为了高额奖金他们要和世界上最优秀的街舞舞者一决高下,而这次比赛也将永远改变他们的生活。

What is it that you love about dance?

Everything you need to know is in my dancing.

Everything?

What you saw before is just a beginning.

Welcome to my house.

Live a house like supercrew.

Dancers work together, live together, battle together, it’s crazy, right?

This place is incredible.

Check this, it’s the biggest battle ever.

You’re up for little competition?

I never lose.

Some people learn to dance, others are born to.

People dance because dance can change things, one move can bring people together, one move can make you believe like you are something more, one move can set a whole generation free.

We should get to rehearsal.

Oh, hoho, that’s so sick!

Walking with tetrapods 世上最早的四足动物

Nature’s latest report from the world of paleontology challenges the assumptions made by everyone until now about when animals first walked the earth.

This is footprint of early tetrapods. We have here, for example, digits, impressions, and something like their pads. This is important.

I’ve been working personally in this field since the mid 1990s. I’ve had over 20 publications in ‘Nature’, and this is the most important paper that I have ever worked on.

Footprints in a Polish quarry tell the tetrapods which walked the earth 20 million years before we thought any animal had left the sea.

This is your little friend, isn’t it? Oh my word. Oh, wonderful. Look at that!

Until only a few months ago, this was an accurate model of a kind of animal paleontologists believed existed in the Middle Devonian Period, with fins but no proper feet. The new model is quite different.

Legs stick out and thighs can flex forwards. Then, it had to be an animal like this, a primitive land vertebrate, not a fish.

And if you are not sure you believe it, the Nature paper and the full film offer the proof.

New Words and Phrases

paleontology n. 古生物学
footprint n. 脚印,足迹
tetrapods 四足动物
Polish adj. 波兰的,波兰人的,波兰语的 n. 波兰语
quarry n. 采石场,猎获物,出处,被追逐的目标 v. 挖出,苦心找出
Middle Devonian Period 中泥盆纪